<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Художественное наследие. Исследования. Реставрация. Хранение</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2782-5027</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-5027-2025-3-60-70</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Проблема изучения и сохранения предметов музейных коллекций из полимерных материалов. Часть&amp;nbsp;2</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>The problem of studying and preserving museum collections made of polymer materials. Part&amp;nbsp;2</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Фазлуллин</surname>
              <given-names>Сергей Маратович</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fazlullin</surname>
              <given-names>Sergey M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>sh1703@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff xml:lang="ru">кандидат географических наук; Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, факультет истории искусств, доцент кафедры реставрации</aff>
          <aff xml:lang="en">PhD of Geography, Associate Professor; Russian state university for the humanities, Department of Restoration</aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>9</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>3 (15)</issue>
      <fpage>60</fpage>
      <lpage>70</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/archive/2025-3/5/" />
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/pdf/journal-gosniir-2025-3-05/" />
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Полимеры оказали значительное влияние на промышленные, бытовые и культурные аспекты повседневной жизни в XX и XXI веках. Полимерные материалы представляют собой достижения в области технологий, о чем свидетельствует резкий рост количества и типов предметов из этих материалов, используемых людьми. Полимеры уже давно попадают в различные музейные коллекции, характеризуя изменения в нашей повседневной жизни, отношение общества к новым материалам и технологиям. Эти материалы всё чаще используются для создания произведений искусства. В то время как музеи продолжают приобретать предметы, отражающие повседневную жизнь, и исторические артефакты, в некоторых случаях доля пластмасс в коллекциях будет увеличиваться. Срок службы полимеров невелик по сравнению с традиционными материалами, представленными в музеях, и они изнашиваются в течение первых десятков лет после приобретения. Разрушение и консервация пластмассовых предметов в музеях официально признаны областью, заслуживающей изучения, только с начала девяностых годов; однако, несмотря на свою новизну, консервация пластмасс является быстро развивающейся областью. Последние годы в музейной среде растет интерес к современным предметам, экспонатам, памятникам истории и культуры, выполненным из полимерных материалов, — как с точки зрения идентификации, так и для определения их состояния, консервации и реставрации. В предложенной статье обсуждаются общие вопросы идентификации, консервации и реставрации полимерных материалов в музейной среде и проблемы, которые при этом возникают. Описаны основные свойства полимеров, определяющие, как и почему этот класс материалов нашел свое широкое применение и какова его судьба в музейных коллекциях. Предлагаемая статья представляет вторую часть тематического обзора, включающую хранение, превентивную консервацию и реставрацию полимеров в музейном пространстве и тематических коллекциях.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary">
        <p>Polymers have had a significant impact on industrial, household, and cultural aspects of everyday life in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. They represent advances in technology, as evidenced by the dramatic increase in the number and types of objects used by people from these materials. Polymers have long been included in the various museum collections, characterizing changes in our daily lives and society's attitude to new materials and technologies. These materials are increasingly being used to create works of art. While museums continue to acquire objects reflecting everyday life and historical, in some cases the proportion of plastics in collections will increase. The service life of polymers is short compared to traditional materials presented in museums, and they wear out during the first decades after purchase. The destruction and conservation of plastic objects in museums has been officially recognized as an area worthy of study only since the early nineties, however, despite its novelty, plastics conservation is a rapidly developing field. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in modern objects, exhibits, historical and cultural monuments made of polymer materials, both in terms of identification and determining their condition, conservation and restoration. The proposed article discusses the general issues of identification, conservation and restoration of polymer materials in the museum environment and the problems that arise in this case. The main properties of polymers are described, which determine how and why this class of materials has found its widespread use and what its fate is in the museum collections. This article presents the second part of the thematic review, including the storage, preventive conservation and restoration of polymers in museum space and thematic collections.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>биокоррозия</kwd>
        <kwd>деградация музейных предметов</kwd>
        <kwd>злокачественные полимеры</kwd>
        <kwd>историческое материаловедение</kwd>
        <kwd>консервация</kwd>
        <kwd>культурное наследие</kwd>
        <kwd>музей</kwd>
        <kwd>пластик</kwd>
        <kwd>полимер</kwd>
        <kwd>реставрация</kwd>
        <kwd>термопласт</kwd>
        <kwd>эластомер</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>biocorrosion</kwd>
        <kwd>conservation</kwd>
        <kwd>cultural heritage</kwd>
        <kwd>degradation of museum objects</kwd>
        <kwd>elastomer</kwd>
        <kwd>historical materials science</kwd>
        <kwd>malignant polymers</kwd>
        <kwd>museum</kwd>
        <kwd>plastic</kwd>
        <kwd>polymer</kwd>
        <kwd>restoration</kwd>
        <kwd>thermoplastic</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Quye A. et al. Investigation of inherent degradation in cellulose nitrate museum artefacts / A. Quye, D. Littlejohn, R.A. Pethrick, R.A. Stewart // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2011. 96 (7). P. 1369 – 1376.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Silva M. Investigating cellulose nitrate degradation caused by fungal attack // Postprints of The Future of the Twentieth Century — Collecting, Interpreting and Conserving Modern Materials / eds. C. Rogerson, P. Garside. L.: Archetype Publications, 2005. P. 72 – 76.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Littlejohn D. et al. Investigation of the degradation of cellulose acetate museum artefacts / D. Littlejohn, R. A. Pethrick, A. Quye, J. M. Ballany // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2013. 98 (1). P. 416 – 424.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Sutherland K., Kokkori M. Investigating formulations of cellulose acetate plastics in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry // Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2022. 163. Article Number: 105484.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Rijavec T., Strlič M., Cigić I.K. Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization // Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2020. 67 (4). P. 993 – 1013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Lovett D., Eastop D. The degradation of polyester polyurethane: Preliminary study of 1960s foam-laminated dresses // Studies in Conservation. 2004. 49 (Suppl. 2). P. 100 – 104.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Pellizzi E. et al. Degradation of polyurethane ester foam artifacts: Chemical properties, mechanical properties and comparison between accelerated and natural degradation / E. Pellizzi, A. Lattuati-Derieux, B. Lavédrine, H. Cheradame // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2014. 107. P. 255 – 261.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Van Oosten T. PUR Facts. Amsterdam University Press, 2011. — 128 p.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Shashoua Y. A Safe Place, Storage Strategies for Plastics, Conservation Perspectives // The GCI Newsletter. 2014. 29 (1). P. 13 – 15.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Fenn J., Williams R. S. Caring for plastics and rubbers, Preventive Conservation Guidelines for Collections (n. d.). — URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-in-stitute/services/preventive-conservation/guidelines-collections/caring-plastics-rub-bers.html#a1 (дата обращения: 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Curran K. et al. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from plastic materials used for storing and displaying heritage objects / K. Curran, A. Aslam, H. Ganiaris, R Hodgkins, J. Moon, A. Moore, L. Ramsay // ICOM Committee for Conservation. 18th Triennial Meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark 4 – 8 September 2017. Copenhagen: Pulido &amp; Nunes, 2017. P. 1 – 8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Shashoua Y. Inhibiting the inevitable; current approaches to slowing the deterioration of plastics // Macromolecular Symposia. 2006. 238 (1). P. 67 – 77.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Lovett D., Eastop D. The degradation of polyester polyurethane: Preliminary study of 1960s foam-laminated dresses // Studies in Conservation. 2004. 49 (Suppl. 2). P. 100 – 104.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Gili A. et al. Decision making in conservation based on modelling and measuring diethyl phthalate plasticiser loss from cellulose acetate in varied ventilation conditions / A. Gili, R. King, L. Mazzei, S. da Ros, J. Grau-Bové, R. Koestler, M. Petr, O. Madde, K. Curran // Plastics in Peril: Focus on Conservation of Polymeric Materials in Cultural Heritage. Apollo 2020. University of Cambridge Repository. — URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.104113 (дата обращения 02.06.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Van Oosten T. Preserving Plastic: Challenges in the Conservation of Modern Art Objects // The Age of Plastic: Ingenuity and Responsibility / ed. O. Madden. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2017. Р. 125 – 139.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Shashoua Y., Segel K. Cleaning plastics in museums // Meddelelser om konservering. 2013. №2. P. 3 – 12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Емельянов Д. Н., Волкова Н. В. Полимеризационная консервация памятников из пористых материалов // Современные наукоемкие технологии. 2008. №4. С. 69 – 69.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Котельников П. Н., Кураков С. В., Самойлов В. Б. Сравнение аддитивных способов 3d-печати прозрачных полимеров в реставрации утрат предметов политехнического типа // Художественное наследие. Исследования. Реставрация. Хранение. Art Heritage. Research. Storage. Conservation. Международ. сетевое рецензируемое науч. издание. М.: ГОСНИИР, 2024. №4. С. 61 – 73.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Никитин М. К., Мельникова Е. П. Химия в реставрации Л.: Химия, 1990. — 304 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Андреева Л. Н., Антонян А. С., Барабанова Т. И. Реставрация музейной керамики: метод. рекомендации / под общ. ред. Л. Н. Андреевой. М.: ВХРНЦ им. И. Э. Грабаря, 1999. — 144 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Sullivan B., Cumberland D. R. Use of Actyloid B-72 Lacquer for Labeling Mu- seum Objects // National Park Service Conserve О Gram. July 1993. №1 (4). P. 1 – 4.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Лукашенко Т. А. и др. Способы спекания, склеивания и химической сварки растворителем при изготовлении полимерных и полимер-стеклянных микрочиповых устройств / Т. А. Лукашенко, А. Н. Тупик, Г. Е. Рудницкая, А. Л. Буляница, А. И. Цымбалов, А. А. Евстрапов  // Научное приборостроение. 2016. Т. 26. №2. С. 64 – 74.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Как и чем намертво склеить пластик: 10 простых и эффективных способов для разных ситуаций. — URL: https://www.ixbt.com/live/offtopic/kak-i-chem-nam-ertvo-skleit-plastik-10-prostyh-no-effektivnyh-sposobov.html (дата обращения 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Склеивание полимеров и выбор клеев. — URL: https://polimer1.ru/mehanicheskaya-obrabotka/skleivanie-polimerov-i-vybor-kleev?ysclid=m5jdhfqdtg558364574 (дата обращения 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Quye A. et al. Investigation of inherent degradation in cellulose nitrate museum artefacts / A. Quye, D. Littlejohn, R.A. Pethrick, R.A. Stewart // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2011. 96 (7). P. 1369 – 1376.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Silva M. Investigating cellulose nitrate degradation caused by fungal attack // Postprints of The Future of the Twentieth Century — Collecting, Interpreting and Conserving Modern Materials / eds. C. Rogerson, P. Garside. L.: Archetype Publications, 2005. P. 72 – 76.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Littlejohn D. et al. Investigation of the degradation of cellulose acetate museum artefacts / D. Littlejohn, R. A. Pethrick, A. Quye, J. M. Ballany // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2013. 98 (1). P. 416 – 424.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Sutherland K., Kokkori M. Investigating formulations of cellulose acetate plastics in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry // Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2022. 163. Article Number: 105484.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Rijavec T., Strlič M., Cigić I.K. Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization // Acta Chimica Slovenica. 2020. 67 (4). P. 993 – 1013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Lovett D., Eastop D. The degradation of polyester polyurethane: Preliminary study of 1960s foam-laminated dresses // Studies in Conservation. 2004. 49 (Suppl. 2). P. 100 – 104.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Pellizzi E. et al. Degradation of polyurethane ester foam artifacts: Chemical properties, mechanical properties and comparison between accelerated and natural degradation / E. Pellizzi, A. Lattuati-Derieux, B. Lavédrine, H. Cheradame // Polymer Degradation and Stability 2014. 107. P. 255 – 261.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Van Oosten T. PUR Facts. Amsterdam University Press, 2011. — 128 p.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Shashoua Y. A Safe Place, Storage Strategies for Plastics, Conservation Perspectives // The GCI Newsletter. 2014. 29 (1). P. 13 – 15.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Fenn J., Williams R. S. Caring for plastics and rubbers, Preventive Conservation Guidelines for Collections (n. d.). — URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-in-stitute/services/preventive-conservation/guidelines-collections/caring-plastics-rub-bers.html#a1 (дата обращения: 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Curran K. et al. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from plastic materials used for storing and displaying heritage objects / K. Curran, A. Aslam, H. Ganiaris, R. Hodgkins, J. Moon, A. Moore, L. Ramsay // ICOM Committee for Conservation. 18th Triennial Meeting. Copenhagen, Denmark 4 – 8 September 2017. Copenhagen: Pulido &amp; Nunes, 2017. P. 1 – 8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Shashoua Y. Inhibiting the inevitable; current approaches to slowing the deterioration of plastics // Macromolecular Symposia. 2006. 238 (1). P. 67 – 77.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Lovett D., Eastop D. The degradation of polyester polyurethane: Preliminary study of 1960s foam-laminated dresses // Studies in Conservation. 2004. 49 (Suppl. 2). P. 100 – 104.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Gili A. et al. Decision making in conservation based on modelling and measuring diethyl phthalate plasticiser loss from cellulose acetate in varied ventilation conditions / A. Gili, R. King, L. Mazzei, S. da Ros, J. Grau-Bové, R. Koestler, M. Petr, O. Madde, K. Curran // Plastics in Peril: Focus on Conservation of Polymeric Materials in Cultural Heritage. Apollo 2020. University of Cambridge Repository. — URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.104113 (дата обращения 02.062025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Van Oosten T. Preserving Plastic: Challenges in the Conservation of Modern Art Objects // The Age of Plastic: Ingenuity and Responsibility / ed. O. Madden. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2017. Р.125 ¬– 139.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Shashoua Y., Segel K. Cleaning plastics in museums // Meddelelser om konservering. 2013. №2. P. 3 – 12.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Emel`yanov D. N., Volkova N. V. Polimerizacionnaya konservaciya pamyatnikov iz poristy`x materialov // Sovremenny`e naukoemkie texnologii. 2008. №4. S. 69 – 69.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kotel`nikov P. N., Kurakov S. V., Samojlov V. B. Sravnenie additivny`x sposobov 3d-pechati prozrachny`x polimerov v restavracii utrat predmetov politexnicheskogo tipa // Xudozhestvennoe nasledie. Issledovaniya. Restavraciya. Xranenie. Art Heritage. Research. Storage. Conservation. Mezhdunarod. setevoe recenziruemoe nauch. izdanie. M.: GOSNIIR, 2024. №4. S. 61 – 73.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Nikitin M. K., Mel`nikova E. P. Ximiya v restavracii L.: Ximiya, 1990. — 304 s.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Andreeva L. N., Antonyan A. S., Barabanova T. I. Restavraciya muzejnoj keramiki: metod. rekomendacii / pod obshh. red. L. N. Andreevoj. M.: VXRNCz im. I. E`. Grabarya, 1999. — 144 s.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref45">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Sullivan B., Cumberland D. R. Use of Actyloid B-72 Lacquer for Labeling Museum Objects // National Park Service Conserve О Gram. July 1993. №1 (4). P. 1 – 4.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref46">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Lukashenko T. A. i dr. Sposoby` spekaniya, skleivaniya i ximicheskoj svarki rastvoritelem pri izgotovlenii polimerny`x i polimer-steklyanny`x mikrochipovy`x ustrojstv / T. A. Lukashenko, A. N. Tupik, G. E. Rudniczkaya, A. L. Bulyanicza, A. I. Cymbalov, A. A. Evstrapov // Nauchnoe priborostroenie. 2016. T. 26. №2. S. 64 – 74.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref47">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kak i chem namertvo skleit` plastik: 10 prosty`x i e`ffektivny`x sposobov dlya razny`x situacij. — URL: https://www.ixbt.com/live/offtopic/kak-i-chem-namertvo-skleit-plastik-10-prostyh-no-effektivnyh-sposobov.html (data obrashheniya 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref48">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Skleivanie polimerov i vy`bor kleev. — URL: https://polimer1.ru/mehanicheskaya-obrabot-ka/skleivanie-polimerov-i-vybor-kleev?ysclid=m5jdhfqdtg558364574 (data obrashheniya 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>