<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Художественное наследие. Исследования. Реставрация. Хранение</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2782-5027</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-5027-2023-4-22-39</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Современные и перспективные методики удаления восковых и воско-смоляных адгезивов</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Modern and advanced methods of removing wax and wax-resin adhesives</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Морозова</surname>
              <given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Morozova</surname>
              <given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>morozovaea@gosniir.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНИУ «ГОСНИИР», научный сотрудник лаборатории физико-химических исследований</aff>
          <aff xml:lang="en">The State Research Institute for Restoration, Research fellow of the Laboratory of Physicochemical Research</aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Юровецкая</surname>
              <given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Yurovetskaya</surname>
              <given-names>Anastasia</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ayurovetskaya@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2" />
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНИУ «ГОСНИИР», научный сотрудник Отдела научной реставрации станковой масляной живописи</aff>
          <aff xml:lang="en">the State Research Institute for Restoration, Research fellow in the Department of scientific conservation of easel oil painting</aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Юровецкая</surname>
              <given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Iurovetskaia</surname>
              <given-names>Elena</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>yurovetskaya@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3" />
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНИУ «ГОСНИИР», художник-реставратор Отдела научной реставрации станковой масляной живописи</aff>
          <aff xml:lang="en">the State Research Institute for Restoration, Conservator in the Department of scientific conservation of easel oil painting</aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-29">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>22</fpage>
      <lpage>39</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/archive/2023-4/2/" />
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/pdf/journal-gosniir-2023-4-02/" />
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Главной задачей при повторной реставрации произведений, укрепленных с использованием воско-смоляных адгезивов, является очистка авторского холста от клеевого состава. В настоящей публикации обсуждаются методики удаления восковых и воско-смоляных адгезивов, разработанные и введенные в реставрационную практику в течение последних пяти лет. Все они опираются на применение материалов, которые безопасны для произведений и реставраторов, а также имеют высокую эффективность. Такими материалами выступают системы, в которых очищающий состав (растворитель или смесь растворителей, водные растворы поверхностно-активных веществ, хелатирующих агентов и др.) заключен в «носитель» (например, гель). В статье подробно рассказывается об энзимах (класс эстераз), а также микро- и наноэмульсиях как более новых и перспективных очищающих составах. В качестве «носителей» в некоторых из предлагаемых методик выступают различные классы полимерных гелей. Так, сотрудниками Варшавского университета был представлен патент на удаление воско-смоляных адгезивов из структуры холста с помощью нанокомпозитного органогеля на основе поли-N-изопропилакриламида (ПНИПА, англ. pNIPA). В другой работе используют «двухцепочечные» гидрогели на основе поливинилового спирта (англ. TC-PN-PVA), которые были разработаны итальянскими исследователями совсем недавно. Эффективным «носителем» также является нетканый материал из микроволокна Evolon CR, действие которого основано на сильных абсорбирующих свойствах и капиллярном эффекте. Авторы статьи приводят описание методик работы с указанными материалами и рассказывают об удачном опыте их применения при практической реставрации произведений станковой масляной живописи в музейных собраниях Европы и Америки.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary">
        <p>Cleaning the original canvas from the adhesive composition is the main objective while retreating paintings consolidated using wax-resin adhesives. This publication discusses techniques for removing wax and wax-resin adhesives that have been developed and introduced into conservation practice over the past five years. All of them are based on the use of materials that are safe for artworks and conservators, and are also highly effective. Such materials are presented by systems in which the cleaning composition (solvent or mixture of solvents, aqueous solutions of surfactants, chelating agents, etc.) is enclosed in a “carrier” (for example, a gel). The article describes in detail enzymes (class of esterases), as well as micro- and nanoemulsions as new and promising cleaning compositions. Various classes of polymer gels take a role of “carriers” in some of the proposed methods. Thus, employees of the University of Warsaw presented a patent for the removal of wax-resin adhesives from the canvas structure using a nanocomposite organogel based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPA). Other work uses “twin-chain” polymer networks based on polyvinyl alcohol (TC-PNs-PVA), which were recently developed by Italian researchers. A non-woven microfiber material Evolon CR is also an effective “carrier”, the action of which is based on strong absorbent properties and capillary effect. The authors of the article describe the methods of working with these materials and talk about the successful experience of their use in the practical conservation of easel oil paintings in museum collections in Europe and America.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>воск</kwd>
        <kwd>воско-смоляные адгезивы</kwd>
        <kwd>гелевые носители</kwd>
        <kwd>гелирующие агенты</kwd>
        <kwd>методика реставрации</kwd>
        <kwd>наноэмульсии</kwd>
        <kwd>очищающие составы</kwd>
        <kwd>повторная реставрация</kwd>
        <kwd>реставрация станковой масляной живописи</kwd>
        <kwd>энзимы</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Beeswax</kwd>
        <kwd>cleaning fluids</kwd>
        <kwd>conservation of easel oil painting</kwd>
        <kwd>conservation technique</kwd>
        <kwd>enzymes</kwd>
        <kwd>gel carriers</kwd>
        <kwd>gelling agent</kwd>
        <kwd>nanoemulsions</kwd>
        <kwd>re-treatment</kwd>
        <kwd>wax-resin adhesives</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Conserving Canvas. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Горин И.П., Суворов И.П., Черкасова З.В. и др. Реставрация произведений станковой масляной живописи: учеб. пособие для сред. худож. заведений / науч. ред. И.П. Горин, З.В. Черкасова. М.: Искусство, 1977. — 223 с.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Berger G., Zeliger H. Detrimental and irreversible effects of wax impregnation on easel paintings // ICOM Committee for Conservation, 4th triennial meeting in Venice: Preprints / The International Council of Museums. Rotterdam: Bouwcentrum (Impr.), 1975. Paper Number 75/11/2-10.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Kerr A., Manthey G., Teeter K. et al. Chronicles in Wax-Resin Lining: A Historic Look at Lining Practices and Their Effectual Legacy on Paintings in the Smithsonian American Art Museum Collection. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/iii-open-questions/17/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Froment E. On Color Change in Seventeenth-Century Netherlandish Paintings after Wax-Resin Lining. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/45/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Bradley L., Summer J. Waxing Historical: Preliminary Insights into Wax-Resin Lining Practices at the Brooklyn Museum. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/41/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Kunikata S., Kijima T., Tsukada M. Various Recipes of Wax Resin for Lining Used in Japan and How the Recipe Affects Removal. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/50/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Dijkema D., Epley B. Wax-Resin Extraction Traction on a Late Georges Braque Still Life. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/vii-modern-contemporary/39/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Ly J., Liu C., Qu J. et al. Analysis of Evolon CR as a Poulticing Agent for Wax-Resin Lining Adhesives: Py-GCMS, BET, and SEM Analyses of Used Evolon CR Tissues. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/49/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Voronina M., Morozova E., Churakova M. Removing Beeswax Residues from the Structure of the Canvas with AEROSIL. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/48/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Юровецкая А.В., Юровецкая Е.В. Опыт повторных реставраций произведений станковой масляной живописи, укрепленной ранее восковыми составами // Сохранение культурного наследия: исследования, реставрация, новые открытия. Материалы IV Междунар. научно-практич. конф.: Санкт-Петербург, 12–14 ноября 2020 г. / науч.ред. Ю.Г. Бобров; сост. А.И. Шаманькова. СПб.: С.-Петерб. Акад. художеств, 2021. С. 164–170.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Проблема удаления восковых и воско-смоляных адгезивов из тканых основ произведений станковой масляной живописи. Сравнение методик и материалов [Текст]: отчет о НИР (заключ.) / Государственный научно-исследовательский институт реставрации; рук. М.С. Чуракова. М., 2021 // Научно-технический архив ГОСНИИР.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Nanoscience for the conservation of works of art / ed. by P. Baglioni and D. Chelazzi. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Nicolaus K. The Restoration of Paintings / ed. by C. Westphal; translated by J. Hayward et al. Cologne: Konemann, 1999. — ISBN 978-3895089220.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Юровецкая А.В., Юровецкая Е.В., Морозова Е.А. Исследование эффективности реставрационных методик по удалению восковых и воско-смоляных адгезивов из тканных основ произведений станковой масляной живописи // Девятый Всероссийский конкурс молодых ученых в области искусств и культуры: сб. работ лауреатов [Электронное сетевое издание]. М.: Институт Наследия, 2022. С. 1206–1240. — URL: https://heritage-institute.ru/?books=devyatyj-vserossijskij-konkurs-molodyh-uchenyh-v-oblasti-iskusstv-i-kultury-sbornik-rabot-laureatov-elektronnoe-setevoe-izdanie-m-institut-naslediya-2022 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Cremonesi P., Casoli A. Enzymes as tools for conservation of works of art // Journal of Cultural Heritage. V. 50. 2021. P. 73–87.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">News from diagnostic world: Nasier gel, the innovative product for the bio-cleaning of cultural heritage. — URL: https://researcheritage-eng.blogspot.com/2021/05/news-from-diagnostic-world-nasier-gel.html (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Chelazzi D., Fratini E., Giorgi R. et al. Gels for the cleaning of works of art // ACS Symposium Series. August 2018. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1296.ch015 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Kaniewska K., Karbarz M., Pilecka-Pietrusińska E. A method of removing a waxresin adhesive from the canvases of wax-resin lined paintings, a cleaning mixture and an organogel for use in this method and the method of producing this organogel. — PCT/ PL2021/000044.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Kaniewska K., Pilecka-Pietrusińska E., Karbarz M. Nanocomposite Organogel for Art Conservation — A Novel Wax Resin Removal System // ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces. May 2023. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c00321 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Nanorestart. — URL: http://www.nanorestart.eu/images/download/NRA_booklet.pdf (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Mastrangelo R., Chelazzi D., Poggi G. et al. Twin-chain polymer hydrogels based on poly (vinylalcohol) as new advanced tool for the cleaning of modern and contemporary art. — URL: https://doi/10.1073/pnas.1911811117 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Buemi L., Petruzzellis M., Chelazzi D. et al. Twin-chain polymer networks loaded with nanostructured fluids for the selective removal of a non-original varnish from Picasso’s “L’Atelier” at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00420-0 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Dijkema D., Epley B. Wax-Resin Extraction Traction on a Late Georges Braque Still Life. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/vii-modern-contemporary/39/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Мансураева Л.М., Юсупова И.И., Булаев С.А. Поверхностно-активные вещества: свойства и применение // Вестник магистратуры. №2–1 (125). 2022. С. 30–35.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Chelazzi D., Bordes R., Giorgi R. et al. The use of surfactants in the cleaning of works of art // Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science. 2020. V. 45. P. 108–123. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.007 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Burgess H. The use of chelating agents in conservation treatment // The Conservator. 1991. V. 15:1. P. 36–44. — URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991. 9638395 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Phenix A., Burnstock A. The removal of surface dirt on paintings with chelating agents // The Conservator. 1992. V. 16:1. P. 28–38. — URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0140 0096.1992.9635624 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Лиофилизация // Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] / гл. ред. А.М. Прохоров. 3-е изд. М.: Совет. энцикл., 1973. Т. 14. — URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/103828 (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Сергеева Л.М., Горбач Л.А. Градиентные взаимопроникающие полимерные сетки: получение и свойства // Успехи химии, 1996. №65 (4). С. 367–376.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Laponite® XLS. — URL: https://www.ulprospector.com/en/eu/PersonalCare/Detail/1094/374915/LAPONITE-XLS (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Капиллярные эффекты. — URL: https://neftegaz.ru/tech-library/geologiya-poleznykh-iskopaemykh/539254-kapillyarnye-effekty/ (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru" publication-type="other">Физики объяснили капиллярный эффект в твердых телах. — URL: https://nplus1.ru/news/2017/05/25/granular-capillary-action (дата обращения: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Conserving Canvas. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Gorin I.P., Suvorov I.P., Cherkasova Z.V. i dr. Restavraciya proizvedenij stankovoj maslyanoj zhivopisi: ucheb. posobie dlya sred. xudozh. zavedenij / nauch. red. I.P. Gorin, Z.V. Cherkasova. M.: Iskusstvo, 1977. — 223 s.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Berger G., Zeliger H. Detrimental and irreversible effects of wax impregnation on easel paintings // ICOM Committee for Conservation, 4th triennial meeting in Venice: Preprints / The International Council of Museums. Rotterdam: Bouwcentrum (Impr.), 1975. Paper Number 75/11/2-10.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kerr A., Manthey G., Teeter K. et al. Chronicles in Wax-Resin Lining: A Historic Look at Lining Practices and Their Effectual Legacy on Paintings in the Smithsonian American Art Museum Collection. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/iii-open-questions/17/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Froment E. On Color Change in Seventeenth-Century Netherlandish Paintings after Wax-Resin Lining. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/45/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Bradley L., Summer J. Waxing Historical: Preliminary Insights into Wax-Resin Lining Practices at the Brooklyn Museum. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/41/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kunikata S., Kijima T., Tsukada M. Various Recipes of Wax Resin for Lining Used in Japan and How the Recipe Affects Removal. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/50/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Dijkema D., Epley B. Wax-Resin Extraction Traction on a Late Georges Braque Still Life. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/vii-modern-contemporary/39/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Ly J., Liu C., Qu J. et al. Analysis of Evolon CR as a Poulticing Agent for Wax-Resin Lining Adhesives: Py-GCMS, BET, and SEM Analyses of Used Evolon CR Tissues. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/49/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Voronina M., Morozova E., Churakova M. Removing Beeswax Residues from the Structure of the Canvas with AEROSIL. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/viii-posters/48/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Yuroveczkaya A.V., Yuroveczkaya E.V. Opy`t povtorny`x restavracij proizvedenij stankovoj maslyanoj zhivopisi, ukreplennoj ranee voskovy`mi sostavami // Soxranenie kul`turnogo naslediya: issledovaniya, restavraciya, novy`e otkry`tiya. Materialy` IV Mezhdunar. nauchno-praktich. konf.: Sankt-Peterburg, 12–14 noyabrya 2020 g. / nauch. red. Yu.G. Bobrov; sost. A.I. Shaman`kova. SPb.: S.-Peterb. Akad. xudozhestv, 2021. S. 164– 170.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref45">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Problema udaleniya voskovy`x i vosko-smolyany`x adgezivov iz tkany`x osnov proizvedenij stankovoj maslyanoj zhivopisi. Sravnenie metodik i materialov [Tekst]: otchet o NIR (zaklyuch.) / Gosudarstvenny`j nauchno-issledovatel`skij institut restavracii; ruk. M.S. Churakova. M., 2021 // Nauchno-texnicheskij arxiv GOSNIIR.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref46">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Nanoscience for the conservation of works of art / ed. by P. Baglioni and D. Chelazzi. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref47">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Nicolaus K. The Restoration of Paintings / ed. by C. Westphal; translated by J. Hayward et al. Cologne: Konemann, 1999. — ISBN 978-3895089220.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref48">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Yuroveczkaya A.V., Yuroveczkaya E.V., Morozova E.A. Issledovanie e`ffektivnosti restavracionny`x metodik po udaleniyu voskovy`x i vosko-smolyany`x adgezivov iz tkanny`x osnov proizvedenij stankovoj maslyanoj zhivopisi // Devyaty`j Vserossijskij konkurs molody`x ucheny`x v oblasti iskusstv i kul`tury`: sb. rabot laureatov [E`lektronnoe setevoe izdanie]. M.: Institut Naslediya, 2022. S. 1206–1240. — URL: https://heritage-institute.ru/?books=devyatyj-vserossijskij-konkurs-molodyh-uchenyh-v-oblasti-iskusstv-i-kultury-sbornik-rabot-laureatov-elektronnoe-setevoe-izdanie-m-institut-naslediya-2022 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref49">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Cremonesi P., Casoli A. Enzymes as tools for conservation of works of art // Journal of Cultural Heritage. V. 50. 2021. P. 73–87.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref50">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">News from diagnostic world: Nasier gel, the innovative product for the bio-cleaning of cultural heritage. — URL: https://researcheritage-eng.blogspot.com/2021/05/news-from-diagnostic-world-nasier-gel.html (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref51">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Chelazzi D., Fratini E., Giorgi R. et al. Gels for the cleaning of works of art // ACS Symposium Series. August 2018. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1296.ch015 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref52">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kaniewska K., Karbarz M., Pilecka-Pietrusińska E. A method of removing a waxresin adhesive from the canvases of wax-resin lined paintings, a cleaning mixture and an organogel for use in this method and the method of producing this organogel. — PCT/PL2021/000044.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref53">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kaniewska K., Pilecka-Pietrusińska E., Karbarz M. Nanocomposite Organogel for Art Conservation — A Novel Wax Resin Removal System // ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces. May 2023. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c00321 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref54">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Nanorestart. — URL: http://www.nanorestart.eu/images/download/NRA_booklet.pdf (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref55">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Mastrangelo R., Chelazzi D., Poggi G. et al. Twin-chain polymer hydrogels based on poly (vinylalcohol) as new advanced tool for the cleaning of modern and contemporary art. — URL: https://doi/10.1073/pnas.1911811117 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref56">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Buemi L., Petruzzellis M., Chelazzi D. et al. Twin-chain polymer networks loaded with nanostructured fluids for the selective removal of a non-original varnish from Picasso’s “L’Atelier” at the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-020-00420-0 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref57">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Dijkema D., Epley B. Wax-Resin Extraction Traction on a Late Georges Braque Still Life. — URL: https://www.getty.edu/publications/conserving-canvas/vii-modern-contemporary/39/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref58">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Mansuraeva L.M., Yusupova I.I., Bulaev S.A. Poverxnostno-aktivny`e veshhestva: svojstva i primenenie // Vestnik magistratury`. №2–1 (125). 2022. S. 30–35.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref59">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Chelazzi D., Bordes R., Giorgi R. et al. The use of surfactants in the cleaning of works of art // Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science. 2020. V. 45. P. 108–123. — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.007 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023)).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref60">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Burgess H. The use of chelating agents in conservation treatment // The Conservator. 1991. V. 15:1. P. 36–44. — URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638395 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref61">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Phenix A., Burnstock A. The removal of surface dirt on paintings with chelating agents // The Conservator. 1992. V. 16:1. P. 28–38. — URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01400096.1992.9635624 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref62">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Liofilizaciya // Bol`shaya sovetskaya e`nciklopediya: [v 30 t.] / gl. red. A.M. Proxorov. 3-e izd. M.: Sovet. e`ncikl., 1973. T. 14. — URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/103828 (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref63">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Sergeeva L.M., Gorbach L.A. Gradientny`e vzaimopronikayushhie polimerny`e setki: poluchenie i svojstva // Uspexi ximii, 1996. №65 (4). S. 367–376.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref64">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Laponite® XLS. — URL: https://www.ulprospector.com/en/eu/PersonalCare/Detail/1094/374915/LAPONITE-XLS (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref65">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Kapillyarny`e e`ffekty`. — URL: https://neftegaz.ru/tech-library/geologiya-poleznykh-iskopaemykh/539254-kapillyarnye-effekty/ (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref66">
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en" publication-type="other">Fiziki ob``yasnili kapillyarny`j e`ffekt v tverdy`x telax. — URL: https://nplus1.ru/news/2017/05/25/granular-capillary-action (data obrashheniya: 01.10.2023).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>