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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Художественное наследие. Исследования. Реставрация. Хранение</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2782-5027</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2782-5027-2025-1-7-20</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Факторы, влияющие на сохранность музейных предметов из химических волокон</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Factors affecting for the safety of museum objects made of chemical fibers</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ермакова</surname>
              <given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ermakova</surname>
              <given-names>Nina V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>nvl-ermakova@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff xml:lang="ru">кандидат исторических наук; ФГБНИУ «ГОСНИИР», ведущий специалист отдела научной реставрации произведений прикладного искусства</aff>
          <aff xml:lang="en">Candidate of Historical Sciences; The State Research Institute for Restoration, leading specialist of Department of Scientific Restoration of Works of Applied Art</aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-31">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>3</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>7</fpage>
      <lpage>20</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/archive/2025-1/1/" />
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/pdf/journal-gosniir-2025-1-01/" />
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье рассматриваются основные причины деградации искусственных и синтетических материалов (тканых и нетканых), входящих в структуру экспонатов из коллекций произведений декоративно-прикладного искусства и предметов, связанных с развитием науки и техники. Среди них есть предметы повседневной и спортивной одежды, образцы высокой моды, обувь, защитные костюмы, предметы интерьера (мебель, шпалеры, гардины), произведения современного искусства, игрушки. Они наглядно отражают развитие технологий и имеют важное значение для материаловедения, истории искусства, истории дизайна. Как показало анкетирование, проведенное в художественных, исторических, краеведческих, мемориальных и других отечественных музеях, основными проблемами сохранности экспонатов этой группы являются утрата формы и эластичности, охрупчивание, расслаивание, изменение цвета, появление пятен на поверхности, сечения, разрывы, липкая поверхность. Анализ причин нестабильности искусственных и синтетических материалов позволил установить, что факторы, влияющие на их сохранность, связаны с внутренним строением материалов (степенью ориентации полимеров, длиной цепи, кристалличностью) и процессами их производства, при этом скорость деградации во многом определяется внешними факторами, такими как свет, температура, влажность, содержание кислорода в воздухе, биологическое воздействие. Проведенный анализ должен способствовать разработке методик консервации экспонатов с химическими волокнами, а также определить оптимальные реставрационные материалы и операции, которые помогут продлить срок нахождения музейных предметов в коллекциях.</p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary">
        <p>The article discusses the main causes of degradation of regenerated and synthetic materials (woven and non-woven) included in the structure of museum objects from the collections of decorative and applied arts, the history of science and technology. Among exhibits of this group are objects of casual and sportswear, high fashion samples, shoes, protective suits, interior items (furniture, tapestries, curtains), works of modern art, toys. These artifacts visually reflect the development of technology and are important for materials science, art history, and design history. As the survey conducted in art, historical, local history, memorial and other domestic museums showed, the main problems of preservation of exhibits of this group are loss of shape and elasticity, embrittlement, delaminating, color change, the appearance of spots on the surface, splits, tears, sticky surface. The analysis of the causes of instability of regenerated and synthetic materials allowed us to establish that the factors affecting their safety are related to the internal structure of materials (degree of orientation of polymers, chain length, crystallinity) and their production processes, at the same time, the rate of degradation is largely determined by external factors such as light, temperature, humidity, oxygen content in the air and biological influence. The analysis carried out should contribute to the development of methods for the conservation of exhibits with chemical fibers, as well as determine the optimal restoration materials and operations that will help extend their stay in museum collections. The analysis carried out should contribute to the development of methods for the conservation of exhibits with chemical fibers in their structure, as well as determine the optimal restoration materials and operations that will help extend their stay in museum collections.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>деградация</kwd>
        <kwd>искусственные волокна</kwd>
        <kwd>консервация</kwd>
        <kwd>кристалличность</kwd>
        <kwd>музейные предметы</kwd>
        <kwd>синтетические волокна</kwd>
        <kwd>степень ориентации полимеров</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>conservation</kwd>
        <kwd>crystallinity</kwd>
        <kwd>degradation</kwd>
        <kwd>degree of orientation of polymers</kwd>
        <kwd>museum items</kwd>
        <kwd>regenerated fibers</kwd>
        <kwd>synthetic fibers</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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