DOI: 10.24412/2782-5027-2023-3-46-59

Malachevskaya E., Gordyushina V. I., Ivanova A. About the restoration of museum objects from unburned clay

Malachevskaya Elena — The State Research Institute for Restoration, chief of the Laboratory of Chemical and Technological Research
E-mail: elemal34@mail.ru

Gordyushina Valentina I.  — The State Research Institute for Restoration, senior researcher of the Laboratory of Chemical and Technological Research
E-mail: vgordiushina@mail.ru

Ivanova Anastasia — The State Research Institute for Restoration, junior researcher of Laboratory of Chemical and Technological Research
E-mail: iva_stasiya@mail.ru

The article deals with the problems of conservation of artifacts made from unbaked clay. The reasons causing the destruction of such objects are described. A brief history of the search for a suitable reinforcing composition for the preservation of loess artifacts and the result of the choice of these materials by the largest museums with such collections is given. The work carried out in the chemical-technological laboratory (The State Research Institute for Restoration) to find the optimal material for strengthening such items is outlined. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-1500) was taken as the basis of the strengthening composition, as the volume that penetrates most deeply and evenly into the loess layer. To increase the strength of PEG-1500, the processes of its modification with various polymers were carried out: methylcellulose, acrylic copolymer, and polyvinyl butyral. Fragments of painting on a loess base from the excavations of Central Asia were used as model samples. The samples were determined by the depth of impregnation, change in hardness, change in color. As a result of the work, two reinforcing compositions based on PEG-1500 were selected: with an acrylic copolymer and polyvinyl butyral. They were used for samples of varying degrees of destruction. Cases of strengthening loess volumes with and without a paint layer are considered. A technique for cleaning samples with different degrees of density has been worked out. A table is given of the penetration depth and strengthening action of the consolidant, depending on the strength of the clay base and the presence of a paint layer.

Acrylate, conservation, methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl butyral, reinforcing composition, unbaked clay.

PDFJATS

Источники

  1. Ivanova A. V. Ukreplenie fragmentov zhivopisi na lessovoj osnove sopolimerom BMK-5 // Soobshheniya / Vsesoyuznaya central`naya nauchno-issledovatel`skaya laboratoriya po konservacii i restavracii muzejny`x xudozhestvenny`x cennostej. №28. 1972. S. 112–116.
  2. Rezul`taty` issledovanij tablichek iz Shumera: Otchet / VXNRCz im. akademika I. E`. Grabarya; ispoln.: A. Ya. Mazina, S. V. Sokolov. M., 2015 // Arxiv GMII imeni A. S. Pushkina.
  3. Sokolovskij V. M., Vinogradova V. P. Primenenie ftorlona F-42L pri restavracii rospisej iz Shaxristana // Xudozhestvennoe nasledie. №1 (31). 1975. S. 52–62.
  4. Kostrov P. I. Restavraciya drevnej monumental`noj zhivopisi na lessovoj shtukaturke i raspisnoj lessovoj skul`ptury` // Soobshheniya / Vsesoyuznaya central`naya nauchno-issledovatel`skaya laboratoriya po konservacii i restavracii muzejny`x xudozhestvenny`x cennostej. №1. 1964. S. 76–105.
  5. Restavracionny`e pasporta, podanny`e v komissiyu Minkul`tury` Rossii po attestacii specialistov v oblasti soxraneniya ob``ektov kul`turnogo naslediya v oblasti restavracii kul`turny`x cennostej / ispoln.: O. S. Viktorova, R. A. Kazimirova. 2021 g. // Arxiv Gosudarstvennogo E`rmitazha.
  6. Tiennot M., Bourgès A., Mertz J.-D. Clays, archaeological tablets and ethyl silicate: evaluation of the consolidation mechanisms // ICEM 16th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, Cambridge, England, 7–11 July, 2014. P. 8–12.
  7. Gutschow C. Methoden zur Restaurierung von ungebrannten und gebrannten Keilschrifttafeln – Gestern und Heute // Gestern und Heute. Gladbeck: PeWe-verlag. B. 22. 2012. S. 31, 52–54, 61–65.
  8. Malachevskaya E. L., Gordyushina V. I., Ivanova A. I. Mezhdunarodny`j opy`t konservacii artefaktov iz gliny` // Xudozhestvennoe nasledie. Issledovaniya. Restavraciya. Xranenie. Art Heritage. Research. Storage. Conservation. № 2. 2022. S. 18–30. – URL: https://journal-gosniir.ru/ru/archive/2023-2/ (data obrashheniya: 11/08/2023).
  9. Razrabotka ukreplyayushhego sostava dlya konsolidacii destruktirovannoj glinyanoj skul`ptury` muzejnogo xraneniya: Otchet o NIR / FGBNIU «GOSNIIR»: ispoln.: E. L. Malachevskaya, V. I. Gordyushina, A. I. Ivanova. M., 2022.